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Jacksonville       Duval County                 904-346-1266
St Augustine      St Johns County             904-824-7144
Orange Park       Clay County                   904-264-6444
Jacksonville Beaches    Duval County     904-246-3969
Fernandina          Nassau County               904-277-3040
Macclenny          Baker County                 904-259-5091
Palm Coast         Flagler County                386-439-5290
Daytona              Volusia County               386-253-4911

GAINESVILLE ALACHUA COUNTY 352-335-8555
Serving all of Florida and Georgia at 904-346-1266

EMAIL LARRY@1STPROP.COM (feel free to email your bidding packages here)

DEMOLITION AND REMOVAL OF BUILDINGS, HOUSES, MOBILE HOMES, CONCRETE SLABS, MULTI STORY BUILDINGS.

WE ALSO SPECIALIZE IN REMOVING CELL TOWERS, RADIO TOWERS.

WE RECYCLE ASPHAULT.

WE CAN CUT IT UP AND HAUL YOUR ASPHAULT AND CONCRETE AWAY.

What is construction and demolition debris?
Construction and demolition (C&D) debris is produced during new construction, renovation,
and demolition of buildings and structures. C&D debris includes bricks, concrete, masonry, soil,
rocks, lumber, paving materials, shingles, glass, plastics, aluminum (including siding), steel, drywall,
insulation, asphalt roofing materials, electrical materials, plumbing fixtures, vinyl siding, corrugated
cardboard, and tree stumps. In 1996 the U.S. produced an estimated 136 million tons of buildingrelated
C&D debris.1 This estimate excludes road, bridge, and land-clearing materials, which can be
a significant portion of total C&D materials discarded.
How can C&D materials be recovered?
C&D materials can be recovered through reuse and recycling. In order for materials to be
reusable, contractors generally must remove them intact (windows and frames, plumbing
fixtures, floor and ceiling tiles) or in large pieces (drywall, lumber). Some materials may
require additional labor before they can be reused. For example, lumber may need to be
denailed and window frames may need some new panes. In order to be recyclable,materials
must be separated from contaminants (e.g., trash, nails, and broken glass). This can be
accomplished if contractors require workers to sort materials as they remove items from
buildings or as debris is produced. Many contractors simply use labeled roll-off bins for
storage of source-separated materials. For projects where on-site source separation is
not possible, contractors often use C&D materials processing firms.
Benefits of recovering construction and demolition materials
n Reduces the environmental effects of extraction, transportation, and processing of
raw materials.
n Reduces project costs through avoided disposal costs, avoided purchases of new
materials, revenue earned from materials sales, and tax breaks gained for
donations.
n Helps communities, contractors, and/or building owners comply with state and
local policies, such as disposal bans and recycling goals.
n Enhances the public image of companies and organizations that reduce disposal.
n Conserves space in existing landfills.
Building Savings
Strategies for Waste Reduction of
Construction and Demolition Debris
from Buildings
The Waste Reduction Record-Setters Project fosters the
development of exceptional waste reduction programs by
documenting successful ones. These programs can be used as
models by others implementing their own programs to reduce
disposal. This fact sheet packet is aimed at local governments
that want to encourage more building-related construction and
demolition debris recovery, building owners and developers interested in green
building design, and building contractors seeking a competitive edge.
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(5306W)
EPA-530-F-00-001
June 2000
www.epa.gov/osw
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
The choice of what and how
construction and demolition materials
can be recovered depends on many factors
including the type of project, space on the
building site, the existence of markets for
materials, the cost-effectiveness of
recovery, the time allowed for the project,
and the experience of the contractors.
Many C&D materials can be reused or
recycled.
Type of project: Demolition projects
produce much more debris than
renovation or new construction for
similar sized structures. Wood is a
primary component of most residential
structures, whereas, steel and concrete
are often a primary component of
commercial structures. Packaging
materials can often be a
significant portion of the debris
produced during renovation
and new construction
projects.
Space on the building site:
Materials recovery is often easiest if the
building site is spacious enough to allow
on-site sorting of materials. Having
separate containers for each type of
materials can reduce contamination.
Materials markets: Contractors can
maximize recovery by taking advantage
of all available markets for recovered
materials. In some areas of the country,
specialty hauling firms serving the
building industries have emerged. These
firms keep abreast of local markets and
can advise clients which materials have
strong local markets.
Cost-effectiveness: Hauling and
disposal costs, the value of
recovered materials, and labor costs
contribute to whether materials recovery
is more or less cost-effective than
disposing of materials. Recovery of lowvalue
materials may be cost-effective if
disposal costs are high and removal and
sorting are not labor-intensive. The
added labor necessary to remove items
for reuse may be offset by savings from
both the avoided costs of purchasing
new materials and avoided disposal
costs.
Project timeline: Source separation of
materials for reuse and recycling can
take more time than disposing of all
commingled materials and often projects
are on a tight schedule due to financing
arrangements. Contractors can maximize
materials recovery in the time allowed by
planning ahead. If necessary, contractors
can focus waste reduction efforts on offsite
source separation and recycling.
Contractor experience: Contractors wellversed
in recovery methods and local
markets may be able to recover more
materials than contractors unfamiliar
with reuse and
recovery techniques.
The need for project
coordinator
oversight and
educational efforts
can be lessened
when using a
contractor
experienced in C&D
recovery efforts.
Reuse
Many materials can be salvaged from
demolition and renovation sites and sold,
donated, stored for later use, or
reused on the current
project. More than 200 used
building materials stores
around the country buy and/or accept
donations of used building materials.
Contractors can avoid the cost of removal
by allowing private companies to salvage
materials from the site. Organizations that
have space may want to consider storing
high-value materials for later projects.
Many building materials may be reusable
during renovation projects and projects
where a new building is built following the
demolition of another. Planners can
increase reuse potential by making efforts
to use the same size and types of materials
as in the old construction. Inadequate
storage space for materials during the
interim from removal to reinstallation may
limit reuse as a materials recovery option.
Typical materials suitable for reuse include
plumbing fixtures, doors, cabinets,
windows, carpeting, bricks, light fixtures,
ceiling and floor tiles,wood,HVAC
equipment, and decorative items
(including fireplaces and stonework).
Recycling
Recycling is often easiest during
construction projects as opposed to
demolition and renovation projects.
During construction, crews can source
separate materials as debris is produced.
Demolition and renovation project
materials often consist of mixed materials
and require on- or off-site sorting.
Typical materials recycled from building
sites include metals, lumber, asphalt,
concrete, roofing materials, corrugated
cardboard, and wallboard.
Recovering C&D Materials
This fact sheet profiles building projects of four distinct types:
Construction: Putting together all or part of a structure. Most construction
site debris is generated from packaging and when raw materials are cut or
sized. Workers can save large scraps for use in other projects. Durable
packaging can be returned to suppliers. Smaller scraps and non-durable
packaging can be source separated when produced, and recycled.
Renovation: Partial removal of a building’s interior and/or exterior
followed by construction. Contractors can adapt the same recovery
techniques as above for renovation projects.
Deconstruction: A “soft” demolition technique whereby workers dismantle
a significant portion of a building in order to maximize recovery of materials
for reuse and recycling.
Demolition: The complete removal of a building. On most demolition
projects, after extracting easily removable materials for reuse or recycling,
workers complete the demolition with sledgehammers, explosives, or heavy
equipment. Additional recyclables are often sorted from the rubble
generated during these demolition activities.
Record-Setting
Program
Bagley Downs
Apartments
Eugene,OR
Erickson’s
Diversified
Corporate
Headquarters
Hudson,WI
Four Times
Square
New York,NY
Marion County
Senator Block
Salem, OR
Ridgehaven
Green Office
Building
San Diego, CA
Stowe Village
Hartford, CT
Whole Foods
Market
Corporate
Headquarters
Austin,TX
Model Programs — Some Numbers and Descriptions
Project Highlights
This project created 30 affordable housing
units, saved the University of Oregon
demolition costs, and preserved a community
landmark.
Erickson’s planned to incorporate materials
recovery efforts during the construction of its
new corporate headquarters even though it
expected to pay more than if it disposed all
materials generated. In fact, the company
diverted 69% of the project debris and saved
money.
Materials recovery was included in plans from
the beginning. The contract included
requirements that subcontractors reduce
disposal and, as an incentive, they were
allowed to retain savings earned through
avoided disposal costs and materials revenues.
Marion County and Salem Area Transit saved
over $160,000 by diverting demolition
materials from disposal while using the project
as a tool to educate the public on recycling.
The county placed ads on TV and radio and
placed banners illustrating the project
recycling rate around the project site.
The city of San Diego wanted to reduce,
recycle, and reuse renovation materials from
this project in order to comply with California’s
50% recycling goal and reduce materials going
to the city-owned landfill. In addition to
diverting 51% of the renovation materials from
disposal, the city also saved $92,000.
This demonstration project not only recovered
50% of the materials from six public housing
units, it also trained nine public housing
residents in deconstruction techniques.
Recovery of renovation materials saved Whole
Foods over $32,000. Reuse of materials, such as
ceiling tiles, light fixtures, and doors, helped the
company avoid the purchase of nearly $25,000
worth of supplies. The company was also able
to take an $8,000 tax deduction for donating
salvaged goods to non-profit organizations.
Recovery Strategy
Entire buildings saved by
moving them to a new
location.
Source separation of
materials during
construction by all
subcontractors.
Pre-demolition salvage,
construction materials
sorted off-site because of
space limitations.
Salvage of usable items
before demolition. Hand
and mechanical sorting of
materials after demolition
to recover metals, concrete,
and asphalt.
Many existing materials
refurbished and reused.
Materials sorted into
labeled dumpsters for
recycling.
Buildings hand-dismantled
to recover maximum usable
materials.
Contracts required
recycling and reuse.
Materials stockpiled and
moved about site for
storage due to limited
space.
% Debris
Recovered
(by weight)
73%
69%
58%
82%
51%
50%
42%
Project Type
Demolition and
construction
New
construction
Demolition and
construction
Demolition
Renovation
Deconstruction
Renovation
Strategies for recovering construction and demolition materials
Include C&D recovery plans
in the project design
Some recovery options may be lost if
not considered at the project design
stage.
n Reuse of wall panels, ceiling panels, and
doors in the Ridgehaven Office Building
renovation was possible because the
architect planned the new interior to use
the same sizes and types of materials used
in the building before the renovation.
Include recovery
requirements and goals in
project specifications and
contracts
By including recovery requirements and
goals in project specifications and
contracts, project planners can signal
their commitment to recovery and make
subcontractors aware of their
responsibilities from the project outset.
n In its contract,Marion County required its
demolition contractor to divert materials
from area landfills. The county set a
diversion goal of 90% based upon
research of other similar efforts.
n Although the general contractor for the
Ridgehaven Office Building project was
initially reluctant to recycle, its contract
required it to do so.
Educate contractors and
crews on materials recovery
techniques
Educating contractors and crews on
materials recovery techniques and
procedures such as sorting and storage
methods, recoverable materials, and
removal techniques can eliminate
contamination problems and increase
recovery rates.
n The materials management plan created
for the construction of Erickson’s
Diversified’s new headquarters building
provided subcontractors with
detailed instructions on reuse
and recycling techniques,
and sorting methods.
Hold subcontractors
accountable for
materials recovery
Incorporating a mechanism to
enforce contract provisions requiring
materials recovery gives project
managers leverage to ensure efforts are
a success.
n The Four Times Square project’s
environmental consultant included
contract requirements that construction
contractors anticipate packaging materials
generated on the project,work to reduce
them, and document their efforts. The
construction management firm
announced it would withhold payments
unless the contractors complied with the
contract requirements.
n Whole Foods did not process
payments to its general contractor until
the contractor submitted forms
summarizing its C&D debris recovery
efforts.
Provide incentives for
recovery
Providing incentives to contractors and
crews can create project buy-in.
n During the renovation of the Whole Foods
Market Corporate Headquarters Building a
portion of revenue from materials sales
was used to fund refreshments and a pizza
party for the crew.
n As an incentive to encourage recovery, the
owners of the Four Times Square office
building chose to allow their contractors
to retain revenues and savings from
materials recovery.
Follow up with contractors
and crews during the project
Without feedback, contractors and
crews may forget correct recovery
procedures or grow lax about
implementing them.
n Erickson’s Diversified sent a representative
to weekly site meetings and its consultant
distributed newsletters to crews in order
to monitor project progress and keep
crews involved in recovery efforts.
Think outside the box
Recovery of C&D materials is a
growing field and offers
opportunities for creative
thinking.
n When the University of Oregon
planned to demolish Bagley
Downs Apartments, Saint
Vincent de Paul stepped
forward with the unique idea
of moving the buildings to a
new location and renovating
them. The University of
Oregon avoided the costs of
demolishing the buildings
and 30 affordable housing
units were created for
about half the cost of
building new structures.
n The Hartford Housing Authority
undertook the deconstruction of six
public housing units at Stowe Village as an
opportunity to train public housing
residents in the building trades and
simultaneously divert materials from
disposal.
Deconstruction workers at the Stowe Village site
Source: Manafort Brothers, Inc.
Q How can I get my subcontractors
to recover C&D materials?
A Include contract requirements that
subcontractors recover project
materials. Also incorporate an
enforcement mechanism. For example,
make contract payments due only after
your subcontractors provide
documentation of their recovery efforts.
Q How can I determine what is
recyclable or reusable?
A A little research should help you
identify what materials to
target for recovery. You can
talk to others in the
building trades to learn
what they have done on
similar projects. State and local
governments often publish directories
of recyclers and the materials they
accept. Also, check the telephone
directory for recyclers and used
building materials stores. It may be
easier to rely on professional advice.
Building site materials management
firms and companies specializing in
C&D materials recovery operate in some
regions and for a fee can handle some
or all materials from your site. Another
option is to hire a consultant who is
familiar with local conditions to draft a
materials management plan for your
project.
Q How can I get my crews to
properly recover materials?
A Constant education and feedback
are necessary to ensure on-site
sorting and recovery efforts are
successful. Regular meetings among
client, contractors, and crews provide
opportunities to communicate project
successes and areas for improvement.
Also consider providing incentives to
crews as a reward for their efforts.
Crews may be more enthusiastic about
a program if they benefit personally
from it.
Q How can communities prevent
buildings from being demolished
without materials recovery?
A Some localities have incorporated
materials recovery requirements as
part of the permit process. Another
option is to pass a local ordinance
requiring recovery of C&D materials.
For example, Portland,Oregon, passed
an ordinance, effective January 1, 1996,
requiring job-site recycling on all
construction projects with a value
exceeding $25,000. Localities could
pass similar ordinances requiring
recovery of demolition materials.
Q Won’t my costs increase because
salvage and recycling are more
labor-intensive than disposal?
A Not necessarily. The costs of labor
to salvage and recycle should be
weighed against the
avoided costs to haul and
dispose of materials, and
the value of materials
that are recovered.
Materials recovery
often proves to be more
cost-effective than disposal.
Q How important is it to keep
materials separate on the job
site?
A Very important. Materials
intended for salvage or reuse can
be damaged or destroyed if not
properly stored. Even a small amount of
other materials in a bin of recyclables
can make the entire bin unacceptable
for recycling.
Construction and Demolition Materials Recovery
Some Questions and Answers
Labeled containers for source-separated
C&D materials.
Marion County recovered bricks from its
Senator block demolition and gave them
away free to local citizens.
Tips From Record-Setters
n Ensure that the client and design
team share the same environmental goals.
n Establish a clear numerical waste
reduction goal for the project.
n At minimum, choose a general
contractor and subcontractors who can
demonstrate commitment to reducing
disposal.
n Involve the general contractor early in
the design process.
n Include environmental procedures in
the project specifications that address
construction materials reuse and recycling.
n Require contractors to estimate waste
generated on site, including
packaging, so you can
anticipate the nature and
amount of the recyclable
materials that will be generated
on site.
n Host a pre-construction
meeting and site meetings early
in the construction process in
order to educate the contractor
and workers on the benefits of materials
recovery.
n Encourage communication among the
client, project facilitators, and contractors
over the course of the entire project.
n Create recycling and disposal
reduction incentives for the construction
crew such as pizza parties.
n Do not over-complicate materials
handling guidelines.
n Carefully coordinate reuse of smaller
materials such as door hardware.
n Carefully track all data on materials
recovery and communicate the results to
all involved parties.
n Provide source reduction,
reuse, and recycling forms to
project managers and waste
haulers to make data reporting easier.
Tips for Municipal Planners
to Promote C&D Recycling
n Consider incorporating requirements
for recycling of C&D debris in your permit
process.
n Use the projects as a promotion to
raise awareness about recycling.
Resources
Organizations:
Construction Materials Recycling Association (CMRA)
PO Box 644, Lisle, Illinois 60532
630-548-4510
National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) Research Center
400 Prince George’s Boulevard, Upper Marlboro,Maryland 20772-8731
301-249-4000 <http://www.nahbrc.com>
Used Building Materials Association (UBMA)
1096 Queen Street, Suite 126, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 2R9
877-221-UBMA (8262) <http://www.ubma.org>
Publications:
Building for the Future: Strategies to Reduce Construction and Demolition Waste in
Municipal Projects, INFORM, Inc.: 120 Wall Street,New York, New York 10005-4001
212-361-2400
Construction Resources: A Waste Reduction Guide for Wisconsin’s Builders and
Contractors, University of Wisconsin Extension, Solid and Hazardous Waste Education
Center: 610 Langdon Street, Room 527,Madison, Wisconsin 53703
608-262-0385
Residential Construction Waste Management: A Builder’s Field Guide and Waste
Management and Recovery: A Remodeler’s Field Guide, NAHB Research Center (contact
information listed above)
Resource Efficient Building – A Handbook for Building Owners,Designers and Project
Managers, Portland Metro: 600 NE Grand Avenue, Portland,Oregon 97232-2736
503-797-1650
Wastespec: Model Specifications for Construction Waste Reduction, Reuse,
and Recycling,Triangle J Council of Governments: P.O. Box 12276, Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina 27709
919-558-9343
Websites:
King County,Washington’s Encompass site <http://www.metrokc.gov/market/map>
The Smart Growth Network <http://www.smartgrowth.org>
The California Integrated Waste Management Board
<http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/ConDemo>
The Waste Reduction
Record-Setters Project
was developed under a
U.S. EPA grant by the Institute for Local
Self-Reliance (ILSR).For more information
on the project, contact ILSR, 2425 18th
Street,NW,Washington, DC 20009,
phone (202) 232-4108, fax (202) 332-
0463,Web site <http://www.ilsr.org>.
Note
1U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Characterization of Building-Related
Construction and Demolition Debris in the
United States, (EPA530-R-98-010), 1998,
p. 2-11.